qemu

QEMU is an open-source virtual machine monitor for running multiple operating systems on one machine. Ideal for cross-platform development and testing.

QEMU (short for Quick EMUlator) is a powerful and versatile open-source virtual machine monitor that allows users to run operating systems and software on a wide range of platforms. QEMU is often used by software developers and system administrators to test their applications on different architectures without having to set up physical hardware. It can also be used by hobbyists and enthusiasts to experiment with different operating systems and configurations.

QEMU provides a virtualized environment for guest operating systems to run on top of a host operating system. This allows users to run multiple operating systems simultaneously on the same machine, each with its own isolated virtual hardware environment. QEMU can emulate a wide range of hardware architectures, including x86, ARM, PowerPC, and MIPS, making it a versatile tool for cross-platform development and testing.

One of the key benefits of QEMU is its ability to emulate multiple types of hardware, including storage devices, network adapters, and graphics cards. This allows users to test software on a variety of hardware configurations without having to purchase or set up physical machines. QEMU also supports a wide range of file formats, including ISO, IMG, QCOW, and VMDK, making it easy to import and export virtual machines.

QEMU provides a simple and easy-to-use command-line interface, as well as a graphical user interface for those who prefer a more visual experience. The command-line interface allows users to customize various aspects of their virtual machines, including memory allocation, CPU allocation, and network configuration. The graphical user interface provides a more intuitive way to create and manage virtual machines, allowing users to easily set up and configure their virtual hardware environment.

In addition to its powerful emulation capabilities, QEMU also provides advanced features such as live migration and snapshotting. Live migration allows users to move running virtual machines between physical hosts without interrupting their operation, while snapshotting allows users to create backups of their virtual machines at a specific point in time. These features make QEMU an ideal choice for production environments where high availability and fault tolerance are critical.

Overall, QEMU is a powerful and versatile virtual machine monitor that provides users with a wide range of features and capabilities. Whether you're a software developer, system administrator, or hobbyist, QEMU can help you test and experiment with different operating systems and configurations. With its advanced features and easy-to-use interface, QEMU is a valuable tool for anyone looking to explore the world of virtualization.

Packages and Binaries:

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports ARM, CRIS, i386, M68k (ColdFire), MicroBlaze, MIPS, PowerPC, SH4, SPARC and x86-64 emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides extra block device backend modules for qemu-system emulation and qemu-img from qemu-utils package, which are rarely used and has extra dependencies.

Installed size: 307 KB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-block-extra

Dependencies:

• libc6

• libcurl3-gnutls

• libgfapi0

• libiscsi7

• libnfs13

• librados2

• librbd1

• libssh-4

• qemu-system-x86 | qemu-system-arm | qemu-system-mips | qemu-system-ppc | qemu-system-sparc | qemu-system-misc | qemu-utils

---

qemu-guest-agent

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports ARM, CRIS, i386, M68k (ColdFire), MicroBlaze, MIPS, PowerPC, SH4, SPARC and x86-64 emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides a daemon (agent) to run inside qemu-system guests (full system emulation). It communicates with the host using a virtio-serial channel org.qemu.guest_agent.0, and allows one to perform some functions in the guest from the host, including:

• querying and setting guest system time

• performing guest filesystem sync operation

• initiating guest shutdown or suspend to ram

• accessing guest files

• freezing/thawing guest filesystem operations

• others.

Install this package on a system which is running as guest inside qemu virtual machine. It is not used on the host.

Installed size: 1.07 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-guest-agent

Dependencies:

• init-system-helpers

• libc6

• libglib2.0-0

• libnuma1

• libudev1

• liburing2

qemu-ga

QEMU Guest Agent

:~# qemu-ga -h
Usage: qemu-ga [-m <method> -p <path>] [<options>]
QEMU Guest Agent 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

  -m, --method      transport method: one of unix-listen, virtio-serial,
                    isa-serial, or vsock-listen (virtio-serial is the default)
  -p, --path        device/socket path (the default for virtio-serial is:
                    /dev/virtio-ports/org.qemu.guest_agent.0,
                    the default for isa-serial is:
                    /dev/ttyS0).
                    Socket addresses for vsock-listen are written as
                    <cid>:<port>.
  -l, --logfile     set logfile path, logs to stderr by default
  -f, --pidfile     specify pidfile (default is /var/run/qemu-ga.pid)
  -F, --fsfreeze-hook
                    enable fsfreeze hook. Accepts an optional argument that
                    specifies script to run on freeze/thaw. Script will be
                    called with 'freeze'/'thaw' arguments accordingly.
                    (default is /etc/qemu/fsfreeze-hook)
                    If using -F with an argument, do not follow -F with a
                    space.
                    (for example: -F/var/run/fsfreezehook.sh)
  -t, --statedir    specify dir to store state information (absolute paths
                    only, default is /var/run)
  -v, --verbose     log extra debugging information
  -V, --version     print version information and exit
  -d, --daemonize   become a daemon
  -b, --block-rpcs  comma-separated list of RPCs to disable (no spaces,
                    use "help" to list available RPCs)
  -D, --dump-conf   dump a qemu-ga config file based on current config
                    options / command-line parameters to stdout
  -r, --retry-path  attempt re-opening path if it's unavailable or closed
                    due to an error which may be recoverable in the future
                    (virtio-serial driver re-install, serial device hot
                    plug/unplug, etc.)
  -h, --help        display this help and exit

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports ARM, CRIS, i386, M68k (ColdFire), MicroBlaze, MIPS, PowerPC, SH4, SPARC and x86-64 emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This metapackage provides the full system emulation binaries for all supported targets, by depending on all per-architecture system emulation packages which QEMU supports.

Installed size: 59 KB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-system

Dependencies:

• qemu-system-arm

• qemu-system-mips

• qemu-system-misc

• qemu-system-ppc

• qemu-system-sparc

• qemu-system-x86

---

qemu-system-arm

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports ARM emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides the full system emulation binaries to emulate the following arm hardware: aarch64 arm.

In system emulation mode QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor and various peripherals. It enables easier testing and debugging of system code. It can also be used to provide virtual hosting of several virtual machines on a single server.

Installed size: 42.01 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-system-arm

Dependencies:

• libaio1

• libbpf1

• libc6

• libcapstone4

• libfdt1

• libfuse3-3

• libgcc-s1

• libglib2.0-0

• libgmp10

• libgnutls30

• libhogweed6

• libibverbs1

• libjpeg62-turbo

• libnettle8

• libnuma1

• libpixman-1-0

• libpmem1

• libpng16-16

• librdmacm1

• libsasl2-2

• libseccomp2

• libslirp0

• libudev1

• liburing2

• libvdeplug2

• libzstd1

• qemu-system-common

• qemu-system-data

• zlib1g

qemu-system-aarch64

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-aarch64 -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-aarch64 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>
-no-acpi        disable ACPI
-smbios file=binary
                load SMBIOS entry from binary file
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
              [,uefi=on|off]
                specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,location=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
              [,sku=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,part=str][,max-speed=%d][,current-speed=%d]
              [,processor-id=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
-smbios type=8[,external_reference=str][,internal_reference=str][,connector_type=%d][,port_type=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 8 fields
-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]
                specify SMBIOS type 11 fields
-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
               [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 17 fields
-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 41 fields

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-xen-domid id   specify xen guest domain id
-xen-attach     attach to existing xen domain
                libxl will use this when starting QEMU
-xen-domid-restrict     restrict set of available xen operations
                        to specified domain id. (Does not affect
                        xenpv machine type).
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-old-param      old param mode
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-arm

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-arm -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-arm [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>
-no-acpi        disable ACPI
-smbios file=binary
                load SMBIOS entry from binary file
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
              [,uefi=on|off]
                specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,location=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
              [,sku=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,part=str][,max-speed=%d][,current-speed=%d]
              [,processor-id=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
-smbios type=8[,external_reference=str][,internal_reference=str][,connector_type=%d][,port_type=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 8 fields
-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]
                specify SMBIOS type 11 fields
-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
               [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 17 fields
-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 41 fields

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-xen-domid id   specify xen guest domain id
-xen-attach     attach to existing xen domain
                libxl will use this when starting QEMU
-xen-domid-restrict     restrict set of available xen operations
                        to specified domain id. (Does not affect
                        xenpv machine type).
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-old-param      old param mode
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-common

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports ARM, CRIS, i386, M68k (ColdFire), MicroBlaze, MIPS, PowerPC, SH4, SPARC and x86-64 emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides common files needed for target-specific full system emulation (qemu-system-*) packages.

Installed size: 11.02 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-system-common

Dependencies:

• libaio1

• libasound2

• libbrlapi0.8

• libc6

• libcacard0

• libcap-ng0

• libepoxy0

• libfuse3-3

• libgbm1

• libglib2.0-0

• libgmp10

• libgnutls30

• libhogweed6

• libncursesw6

• libnettle8

• libnuma1

• libpixman-1-0

• libseccomp2

• libsndio7.0

• libspice-server1

• libtinfo6

• liburing2

• libusb-1.0-0

• libusbredirparser1

• libzstd1

• zlib1g

qemu-pr-helper

QEMU persistent reservation helper

:~# qemu-pr-helper -h
Usage: qemu-pr-helper [OPTIONS] FILE
Persistent Reservation helper program for QEMU

  -h, --help                display this help and exit
  -V, --version             output version information and exit

  -d, --daemon              run in the background
  -f, --pidfile=PATH        PID file when running as a daemon
                            (default '/var/run/qemu-pr-helper.pid')
  -k, --socket=PATH         path to the unix socket
                            (default '/var/run/qemu-pr-helper.sock')
  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                            specify tracing options
  -u, --user=USER           user to drop privileges to
  -g, --group=GROUP         group to drop privileges to

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-storage-daemon

QEMU storage daemon

:~# qemu-storage-daemon -h
Usage: qemu-storage-daemon [options]
QEMU storage daemon

  -h, --help             display this help and exit
  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                         specify tracing options
  -V, --version          output version information and exit

  --blockdev [driver=]<driver>[,node-name=<N>][,discard=ignore|unmap]
             [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
             [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
             [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
             [,driver specific parameters...]
                         configure a block backend

  --chardev <options>    configure a character device backend
                         (see the qemu(1) man page for possible options)

  --daemonize            daemonize the process, and have the parent exit
                         once startup is complete

  --export [type=]nbd,id=<id>,node-name=<node-name>[,name=<export-name>]
           [,writable=on|off][,bitmap=<name>]
                         export the specified block node over NBD
                         (requires --nbd-server)

  --export [type=]fuse,id=<id>,node-name=<node-name>,mountpoint=<file>
           [,growable=on|off][,writable=on|off][,allow-other=on|off|auto]
                         export the specified block node over FUSE

  --export [type=]vhost-user-blk,id=<id>,node-name=<node-name>,
           addr.type=unix,addr.path=<socket-path>[,writable=on|off]
           [,logical-block-size=<block-size>][,num-queues=<num-queues>]
                         export the specified block node as a
                         vhost-user-blk device over UNIX domain socket
  --export [type=]vhost-user-blk,id=<id>,node-name=<node-name>,
           addr.type=fd,addr.str=<fd>[,writable=on|off]
           [,logical-block-size=<block-size>][,num-queues=<num-queues>]
                         export the specified block node as a
                         vhost-user-blk device over file descriptor

  --export [type=]vduse-blk,id=<id>,node-name=<node-name>
           ,name=<vduse-name>[,writable=on|off]
           [,num-queues=<num-queues>][,queue-size=<queue-size>]
           [,logical-block-size=<logical-block-size>]
           [,serial=<serial-number>]
                         export the specified block node as a
                         vduse-blk device

  --monitor [chardev=]name[,mode=control][,pretty[=on|off]]
                         configure a QMP monitor

  --nbd-server addr.type=inet,addr.host=<host>,addr.port=<port>
               [,tls-creds=<id>][,tls-authz=<id>][,max-connections=<n>]
  --nbd-server addr.type=unix,addr.path=<path>
               [,tls-creds=<id>][,tls-authz=<id>][,max-connections=<n>]
                         start an NBD server for exporting block nodes

  --object help          list object types that can be added
  --object <type>,help   list properties for the given object type
  --object <type>[,<property>=<value>...]
                         create a new object of type <type>, setting
                         properties in the order they are specified. Note
                         that the 'id' property must be set.
                         See the qemu(1) man page for documentation of the
                         objects that can be added.

  --pidfile <path>       write process ID to a file after startup

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-data

This package provides architecture-neutral data files (such as keyboard definitions, icons) for system-mode QEMU emulation (qemu-system-*) packages.

Installed size: 7.78 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-system-data

---

qemu-system-gui

This package provides local graphical user interface (currently GTK) and audio backends for full system emulation (qemu-system-*) packages.

The default GTK based qemu-system-gui is generally better and recommended, but a few corner cases still need SDL which is therefore provided as well.

Installed size: 1.02 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-system-gui

Dependencies:

• libc6

• libcairo2

• libepoxy0

• libgbm1

• libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0

• libgl1

• libglib2.0-0

• libgtk-3-0

• libjack-jackd2-0 | libjack-0.125

• libnuma1

• libpixman-1-0

• libpulse0

• libsdl2-2.0-0

• libvirglrenderer1

• libvte-2.91-0

• libx11-6

• qemu-system-x86 | qemu-system-arm | qemu-system-mips | qemu-system-ppc | qemu-system-sparc | qemu-system-misc

---

qemu-system-mips

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports MIPS emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides the full system emulation binaries to emulate the following mips hardware: mips mipsel mips64 mips64el.

In system emulation mode QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor and various peripherals. It enables easier testing and debugging of system code. It can also be used to provide virtual hosting of several virtual machines on a single server.

Installed size: 54.95 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-system-mips

Dependencies:

• libaio1

• libbpf1

• libc6

• libcapstone4

• libfdt1

• libfuse3-3

• libgcc-s1

• libglib2.0-0

• libgmp10

• libgnutls30

• libhogweed6

• libibverbs1

• libjpeg62-turbo

• libnettle8

• libnuma1

• libpixman-1-0

• libpmem1

• libpng16-16

• librdmacm1

• libsasl2-2

• libseccomp2

• libslirp0

• libudev1

• liburing2

• libvdeplug2

• libzstd1

• qemu-system-common

• qemu-system-data

• zlib1g

qemu-system-mips

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-mips -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-mips [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-mips64

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-mips64 -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-mips64 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-mips64el

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-mips64el -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-mips64el [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-mipsel

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-mipsel -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-mipsel [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-misc

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports ARM, CRIS, M68k (ColdFire), MicroBlaze, and SH4 emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides the full system emulation binaries to emulate various other hardware which did not made into separate packages. Emulators for the following architectures are provided: alpha avr cris hppa m68k loongarch64 microblaze microblazeel nios2 or1k riscv32 riscv64 rx sh4 sh4eb s390x tricore xtensa xtensaeb.

In system emulation mode QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor and various peripherals. It enables easier testing and debugging of system code. It can also be used to provide virtual hosting of several virtual machines on a single server.

Installed size: 203.15 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-system-misc

Dependencies:

• libaio1

• libbpf1

• libc6

• libcapstone4

• libfdt1

• libfuse3-3

• libgcc-s1

• libglib2.0-0

• libgmp10

• libgnutls30

• libhogweed6

• libibverbs1

• libjpeg62-turbo

• libnettle8

• libnuma1

• libpixman-1-0

• libpmem1

• libpng16-16

• librdmacm1

• libsasl2-2

• libseccomp2

• libslirp0

• libudev1

• liburing2

• libvdeplug2

• libzstd1

• qemu-system-common

• qemu-system-data

• zlib1g

qemu-system-alpha

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-alpha -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-alpha [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-avr

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-avr -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-avr [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-cris

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-cris -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-cris [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-hppa

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-hppa -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-hppa [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-loongarch64

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-loongarch64 -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-loongarch64 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-m68k

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-m68k -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-m68k [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-g WxH[xDEPTH]  Set the initial graphical resolution and depth
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-microblaze

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-microblaze -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-microblaze [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-microblazeel

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-microblazeel -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-microblazeel [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-nios2

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-nios2 -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-nios2 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-or1k

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-or1k -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-or1k [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-riscv32

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-riscv32 -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-riscv32 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-riscv64

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-riscv64 -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-riscv64 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-rx

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-rx -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-rx [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-s390x

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-s390x -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-s390x [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-sh4

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-sh4 -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-sh4 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-sh4eb

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-sh4eb -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-sh4eb [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-tricore

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-tricore -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-tricore [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-xtensa

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-xtensa -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-xtensa [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-xtensaeb

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-xtensaeb -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-xtensaeb [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-semihosting    semihosting mode
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,userspace=on|off][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-ppc

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports PowerPC emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides the full system emulation binaries to emulate the following PowerPC hardware: ppc ppc64.

In system emulation mode QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor and various peripherals. It enables easier testing and debugging of system code. It can also be used to provide virtual hosting of several virtual machines on a single server.

Installed size: 31.25 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-system-ppc

Dependencies:

• libaio1

• libbpf1

• libc6

• libcapstone4

• libfdt1

• libfuse3-3

• libgcc-s1

• libglib2.0-0

• libgmp10

• libgnutls30

• libhogweed6

• libibverbs1

• libjpeg62-turbo

• libnettle8

• libnuma1

• libpixman-1-0

• libpmem1

• libpng16-16

• librdmacm1

• libsasl2-2

• libseccomp2

• libslirp0

• libudev1

• liburing2

• libvdeplug2

• libzstd1

• qemu-system-common

• qemu-system-data

• zlib1g

qemu-system-ppc

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-ppc -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-ppc [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-g WxH[xDEPTH]  Set the initial graphical resolution and depth
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-prom-env variable=value
                set OpenBIOS nvram variables
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-ppc64

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-ppc64 -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-ppc64 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-g WxH[xDEPTH]  Set the initial graphical resolution and depth
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-prom-env variable=value
                set OpenBIOS nvram variables
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-ppc64le

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-ppc64le -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-ppc64le [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-g WxH[xDEPTH]  Set the initial graphical resolution and depth
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-prom-env variable=value
                set OpenBIOS nvram variables
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-sparc

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports SPARC emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides the full system emulation binaries to emulate the following sparc hardware: sparc sparc64.

In system emulation mode QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor and various peripherals. It enables easier testing and debugging of system code. It can also be used to provide virtual hosting of several virtual machines on a single server.

Installed size: 20.47 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-system-sparc

Dependencies:

• libaio1

• libbpf1

• libc6

• libcapstone4

• libfdt1

• libfuse3-3

• libgcc-s1

• libglib2.0-0

• libgmp10

• libgnutls30

• libhogweed6

• libibverbs1

• libjpeg62-turbo

• libnettle8

• libnuma1

• libpixman-1-0

• libpmem1

• libpng16-16

• librdmacm1

• libsasl2-2

• libseccomp2

• libslirp0

• libudev1

• liburing2

• libvdeplug2

• libzstd1

• qemu-system-common

• qemu-system-data

• zlib1g

qemu-system-sparc

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-sparc -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-sparc [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-g WxH[xDEPTH]  Set the initial graphical resolution and depth
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-prom-env variable=value
                set OpenBIOS nvram variables
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-sparc64

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-sparc64 -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-sparc64 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-g WxH[xDEPTH]  Set the initial graphical resolution and depth
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-prom-env variable=value
                set OpenBIOS nvram variables
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-x86

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports i386 and x86-64 emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides the full system emulation binaries to emulate the following x86 hardware: i386 x86_64.

In system emulation mode QEMU emulates a full system, including a processor and various peripherals. It enables easier testing and debugging of system code. It can also be used to provide virtual hosting of several virtual machines on a single server.

On x86 host hardware this package also enables KVM kernel virtual machine usage on systems which supports it.

Installed size: 42.48 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-system-x86

Dependencies:

• ipxe-qemu

• libaio1

• libbpf1

• libc6

• libcapstone4

• libfdt1

• libfuse3-3

• libgcc-s1

• libglib2.0-0

• libgmp10

• libgnutls30

• libhogweed6

• libibverbs1

• libjpeg62-turbo

• libnettle8

• libnuma1

• libpixman-1-0

• libpmem1

• libpng16-16

• librdmacm1

• libsasl2-2

• libseccomp2

• libslirp0

• libudev1

• liburing2

• libvdeplug2

• libzstd1

• qemu-system-common

• qemu-system-data

• seabios

• zlib1g

kvm

Kvm-enabling link for qemu-system-x86_64

:~# kvm -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: kvm [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

i386 target only:
-win2k-hack     use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug
-no-fd-bootchk  disable boot signature checking for floppy disks
-no-acpi        disable ACPI
-no-hpet        disable HPET
-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...]
                ACPI table description
-smbios file=binary
                load SMBIOS entry from binary file
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
              [,uefi=on|off]
                specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,location=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
              [,sku=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,part=str][,max-speed=%d][,current-speed=%d]
              [,processor-id=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
-smbios type=8[,external_reference=str][,internal_reference=str][,connector_type=%d][,port_type=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 8 fields
-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]
                specify SMBIOS type 11 fields
-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
               [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 17 fields
-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 41 fields

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-xen-domid id   specify xen guest domain id
-xen-attach     attach to existing xen domain
                libxl will use this when starting QEMU
-xen-domid-restrict     restrict set of available xen operations
                        to specified domain id. (Does not affect
                        xenpv machine type).
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-i386

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-i386 -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-i386 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

i386 target only:
-win2k-hack     use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug
-no-fd-bootchk  disable boot signature checking for floppy disks
-no-acpi        disable ACPI
-no-hpet        disable HPET
-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...]
                ACPI table description
-smbios file=binary
                load SMBIOS entry from binary file
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
              [,uefi=on|off]
                specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,location=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
              [,sku=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,part=str][,max-speed=%d][,current-speed=%d]
              [,processor-id=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
-smbios type=8[,external_reference=str][,internal_reference=str][,connector_type=%d][,port_type=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 8 fields
-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]
                specify SMBIOS type 11 fields
-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
               [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 17 fields
-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 41 fields

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-xen-domid id   specify xen guest domain id
-xen-attach     attach to existing xen domain
                libxl will use this when starting QEMU
-xen-domid-restrict     restrict set of available xen operations
                        to specified domain id. (Does not affect
                        xenpv machine type).
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-x86_64

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-x86_64 -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-x86_64 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev sdl,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
-audiodev sndio,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev dbus,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display sdl[,gl=on|core|es|off][,grab-mod=<mod>][,show-cursor=on|off]
            [,window-close=on|off]
-display gtk[,full-screen=on|off][,gl=on|off][,grab-on-hover=on|off]
            [,show-tabs=on|off][,show-cursor=on|off][,window-close=on|off]
            [,show-menubar=on|off]
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display dbus[,addr=<dbusaddr>]
             [,gl=on|core|es|off][,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

i386 target only:
-win2k-hack     use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug
-no-fd-bootchk  disable boot signature checking for floppy disks
-no-acpi        disable ACPI
-no-hpet        disable HPET
-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...]
                ACPI table description
-smbios file=binary
                load SMBIOS entry from binary file
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
              [,uefi=on|off]
                specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,location=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
              [,sku=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,part=str][,max-speed=%d][,current-speed=%d]
              [,processor-id=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
-smbios type=8[,external_reference=str][,internal_reference=str][,connector_type=%d][,port_type=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 8 fields
-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]
                specify SMBIOS type 11 fields
-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
               [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 17 fields
-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 41 fields

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vde,id=str[,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]
                configure a network backend to connect to port 'n' of a vde switch
                running on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.
                Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default
                ownership and permissions for communication port.
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vde|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-xen-domid id   specify xen guest domain id
-xen-attach     attach to existing xen domain
                libxl will use this when starting QEMU
-xen-domid-restrict     restrict set of available xen operations
                        to specified domain id. (Does not affect
                        xenpv machine type).
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-x86_64-microvm

QEMU User Documentation

:~# qemu-system-x86_64-microvm -h
QEMU emulator version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-x86_64-microvm [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                {} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none)
                cxl-fmw.0.targets.0=firsttarget,cxl-fmw.0.targets.1=secondtarget,cxl-fmw.0.size=size[,cxl-fmw.0.interleave-granularity=granularity]
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid,sgx-epc.0.node=numaid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                notify-vmexit=run|internal-error|disable,notify-window=n (enable notify VM exit and set notify window, x86 only)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,clusters=clusters][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of initial CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                sockets= number of sockets on the machine board
                dies= number of dies in one socket
                clusters= number of clusters in one die
                cores= number of cores in one cluster
                threads= number of threads in one core
Note: Different machines may have different subsets of the CPU topology
      parameters supported, so the actual meaning of the supported parameters
      will vary accordingly. For example, for a machine type that supports a
      three-level CPU hierarchy of sockets/cores/threads, the parameters will
      sequentially mean as below:
                sockets means the number of sockets on the machine board
                cores means the number of cores in one socket
                threads means the number of threads in one core
      For a particular machine type board, an expected CPU topology hierarchy
      can be defined through the supported sub-option. Unsupported parameters
      can also be provided in addition to the sub-option, but their values
      must be set as 1 in the purpose of correct parsing.
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audio [driver=]driver,model=value[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend and device to use;
                apart from 'model', options are the same as for -audiodev.
                use '-audio model=help' to show possible devices.
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                Use ``-audiodev help`` to list the available drivers
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB convenience options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-vnc localhost:0,to=99,id=default"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

i386 target only:
-win2k-hack     use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug
-no-fd-bootchk  disable boot signature checking for floppy disks
-no-acpi        disable ACPI
-no-hpet        disable HPET
-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...]
                ACPI table description
-smbios file=binary
                load SMBIOS entry from binary file
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
              [,uefi=on|off]
                specify SMBIOS type 0 fields
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,location=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
              [,sku=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,part=str][,max-speed=%d][,current-speed=%d]
              [,processor-id=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
-smbios type=8[,external_reference=str][,internal_reference=str][,connector_type=%d][,port_type=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 8 fields
-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]
                specify SMBIOS type 11 fields
-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
               [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 17 fields
-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 41 fields

Network options:
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=inet,addr.host=host,addr.port=port[,to=maxport][,numeric=on|off][,keep-alive=on|off][,mptcp=on|off][,addr.ipv4=on|off][,addr.ipv6=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=unix,addr.path=path[,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off]
-netdev stream,id=str[,server=on|off],addr.type=fd,addr.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection in stream mode.
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=inet,local.host=addr]
-netdev dgram,id=str,remote.type=inet,remote.host=maddr,remote.port=port[,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use ``local.host=addr`` to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=inet,local.host=addr,local.port=port[,remote.type=inet,remote.host=addr,remote.port=port]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=unix,local.path=path[,remote.type=unix,remote.path=path]
-netdev dgram,id=str,local.type=fd,local.str=file-descriptor
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str[,vhostdev=/path/to/dev][,vhostfd=h]
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev
                use 'vhostdev=/path/to/dev' to open a vhost vdpa device
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost vdpa device
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|l2tpv3|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [tap|bridge|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

Boot Image or Kernel specific:
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-xen-domid id   specify xen guest domain id
-xen-attach     attach to existing xen domain
                libxl will use this when starting QEMU
-xen-domid-restrict     restrict set of available xen operations
                        to specified domain id. (Does not affect
                        xenpv machine type).
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset]
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff]
-action panic=pause|shutdown|exit-failure|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
                read config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin
-async-teardown enable asynchronous teardown
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-system-xen

This package provides the i386 system emulation binary to work together with the Xen hypervisor for some types of DomUs. This package is not useful by its own.

Installed size: 14.38 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-system-xen

Dependencies:

• libc6

• libfdt1

• libgcc-s1

• libglib2.0-0

• libjpeg62-turbo

• libpixman-1-0

• libspice-server1

• libxendevicemodel1

• libxenevtchn1

• libxenforeignmemory1

• libxengnttab1

• libxenmisc4.17

• libxenstore4

• libxentoolcore1

• qemu-system-data

• seabios

• zlib1g

---

qemu-user

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports ARM, CRIS, i386, M68k (ColdFire), MicroBlaze, MIPS, PowerPC, SH4, SPARC and x86-64 emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides the user mode emulation binaries. In this mode QEMU can launch Linux processes compiled for one CPU on another CPU.

If qemu-user-binfmt package is also installed, it will register binary format handlers from this qemu-user package with the kernel so it will be possible to run foreign binaries directly. However, this might not be suitable for using inside foreign chroots, in which case it is possible to use qemu-user-static package instead of qemu-user-binmft, – qemu-user-static will register statically linked binfmt handlers instead.

Installed size: 98.15 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-user

Dependencies:

• libc6

• libcapstone4

• libgcc-s1

• libglib2.0-0

• libgnutls30

• libnuma1

• liburing2

• zlib1g

qemu-aarch64

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-aarch64 -h
usage: qemu-aarch64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for aarch64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/aarch64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-aarch64_be

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-aarch64_be -h
usage: qemu-aarch64_be [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for aarch64_be emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/aarch64_be
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-alpha

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-alpha -h
usage: qemu-alpha [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for alpha emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/alpha
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-arm

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-arm -h
usage: qemu-arm [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for arm emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-armeb

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-armeb -h
usage: qemu-armeb [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for armeb emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/armeb
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-cris

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-cris -h
usage: qemu-cris [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for cris emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/cris
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-hexagon

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-hexagon -h
usage: qemu-hexagon [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for hexagon emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/hexagon
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-hppa

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-hppa -h
usage: qemu-hppa [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for hppa emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/hppa
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 83886080 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-i386

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-i386 -h
usage: qemu-i386 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for i386 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/i386
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-loongarch64

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-loongarch64 -h
usage: qemu-loongarch64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for loongarch64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/loongarch64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-m68k

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-m68k -h
usage: qemu-m68k [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for m68k emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/m68k
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-microblaze

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-microblaze -h
usage: qemu-microblaze [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for microblaze emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/microblaze
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-microblazeel

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-microblazeel -h
usage: qemu-microblazeel [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for microblazeel emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/microblazeel
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mips

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-mips -h
usage: qemu-mips [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mips emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mips64

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-mips64 -h
usage: qemu-mips64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mips64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mips64el

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-mips64el -h
usage: qemu-mips64el [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mips64el emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips64el
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mipsel

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-mipsel -h
usage: qemu-mipsel [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mipsel emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsel
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mipsn32

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-mipsn32 -h
usage: qemu-mipsn32 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mipsn32 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsn32
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mipsn32el

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-mipsn32el -h
usage: qemu-mipsn32el [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mipsn32el emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsn32el
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-nios2

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-nios2 -h
usage: qemu-nios2 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for nios2 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/nios2
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-or1k

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-or1k -h
usage: qemu-or1k [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for or1k emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/or1k
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-ppc

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-ppc -h
usage: qemu-ppc [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for ppc emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/ppc
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-ppc64

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-ppc64 -h
usage: qemu-ppc64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for ppc64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/ppc64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-ppc64le

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-ppc64le -h
usage: qemu-ppc64le [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for ppc64le emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/ppc64le
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-riscv32

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-riscv32 -h
usage: qemu-riscv32 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for riscv32 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/riscv32
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-riscv64

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-riscv64 -h
usage: qemu-riscv64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for riscv64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/riscv64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-s390x

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-s390x -h
usage: qemu-s390x [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for s390x emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/s390x
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-sh4

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-sh4 -h
usage: qemu-sh4 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for sh4 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/sh4
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-sh4eb

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-sh4eb -h
usage: qemu-sh4eb [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for sh4eb emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/sh4eb
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-sparc

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-sparc -h
usage: qemu-sparc [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for sparc emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/sparc
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-sparc32plus

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-sparc32plus -h
usage: qemu-sparc32plus [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for sparc32plus emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/sparc32plus
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-sparc64

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-sparc64 -h
usage: qemu-sparc64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for sparc64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/sparc64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-x86_64

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-x86_64 -h
usage: qemu-x86_64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for x86_64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN       [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/x86_64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-xtensa

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-xtensa -h
usage: qemu-xtensa [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for xtensa emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable          Description
-h                                         print this help
-help                                      
-g port              QEMU_GDB              wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX        set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE       set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU              select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV          sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV        unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0            forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME            set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE       set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA      reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG              enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER          filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME     write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE         set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP       run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE           log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED        Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE            [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN           [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION          display version information and exit
-xtensa-abi-call0    QEMU_XTENSA_ABI_CALL0 assume CALL0 Xtensa ABI

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/xtensa
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-xtensaeb

QEMU User Emulator

:~# qemu-xtensaeb -h
usage: qemu-xtensaeb [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for xtensaeb emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable          Description
-h                                         print this help
-help                                      
-g port              QEMU_GDB              wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX        set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE       set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU              select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV          sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV        unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0            forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME            set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE       set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA      reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG              enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER          filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME     write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE         set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP       run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE           log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED        Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE            [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-plugin              QEMU_PLUGIN           [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION          display version information and exit
-xtensa-abi-call0    QEMU_XTENSA_ABI_CALL0 assume CALL0 Xtensa ABI

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/xtensaeb
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-user-binfmt

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports ARM, CRIS, i386, M68k (ColdFire), MicroBlaze, MIPS, PowerPC, SH4, SPARC and x86-64 emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides binfmt support registration for the user mode emulation binaries from qemu-user. This is an empty package, it does not contain any additional files, only registration scripts which run at install and remove times.

Installed size: 101 KB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-user-binfmt

Dependencies:

• qemu-user

• systemd | binfmt-support

---

qemu-user-static

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports ARM, CRIS, i386, M68k (ColdFire), MicroBlaze, MIPS, PowerPC, SH4, SPARC and x86-64 emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides the user mode emulation binaries, built statically. In this mode QEMU can launch Linux processes compiled for one CPU on another CPU.

qemu-user-static package will register binary formats which the provided emulators can handle, so that it will be possible to run foreign binaries directly.

Installed size: 293.75 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-user-static

qemu-aarch64-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-aarch64-static -h
usage: qemu-aarch64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for aarch64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/aarch64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-aarch64_be-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-aarch64_be-static -h
usage: qemu-aarch64_be [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for aarch64_be emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/aarch64_be
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-alpha-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-alpha-static -h
usage: qemu-alpha [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for alpha emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/alpha
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-arm-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-arm-static -h
usage: qemu-arm [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for arm emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-armeb-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-armeb-static -h
usage: qemu-armeb [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for armeb emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/armeb
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-cris-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-cris-static -h
usage: qemu-cris [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for cris emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/cris
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-debootstrap

QEMU debootstrap wrapper

:~# man qemu-debootstrap
qemu-debootstrap(1)                 Debian                 qemu-debootstrap(1)

NAME
       qemu-debootstrap - QEMU debootstrap wrapper

SYNOPSIS
       qemu-debootstrap [options]

DESCRIPTION
       The  qemu-debootstrap  wrapper  calls  debootstrap(8) making use of the
       --foreign  and  --second-stage  options,  and  copies  the  appropriate
       qemu-user-static(1)  binary into place in order to install cross-archi-
       tecture chroots. In order for it to work seamlessly, the binfmt-support
       package must be installed.

SEE ALSO
       debootstrap(8), qemu-user-static(1).

AUTHOR
       This manual page was written by Vagrant Cascadian <>.

0.14.1+dfsg                       2011-07-02               qemu-debootstrap(1)

---

qemu-hexagon-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-hexagon-static -h
usage: qemu-hexagon [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for hexagon emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/hexagon
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-hppa-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-hppa-static -h
usage: qemu-hppa [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for hppa emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/hppa
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 83886080 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-i386-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-i386-static -h
usage: qemu-i386 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for i386 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/i386
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-loongarch64-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-loongarch64-static -h
usage: qemu-loongarch64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for loongarch64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/loongarch64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-m68k-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-m68k-static -h
usage: qemu-m68k [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for m68k emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/m68k
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-microblaze-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-microblaze-static -h
usage: qemu-microblaze [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for microblaze emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/microblaze
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-microblazeel-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-microblazeel-static -h
usage: qemu-microblazeel [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for microblazeel emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/microblazeel
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mips-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-mips-static -h
usage: qemu-mips [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mips emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mips64-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-mips64-static -h
usage: qemu-mips64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mips64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mips64el-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-mips64el-static -h
usage: qemu-mips64el [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mips64el emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips64el
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mipsel-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-mipsel-static -h
usage: qemu-mipsel [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mipsel emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsel
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mipsn32-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-mipsn32-static -h
usage: qemu-mipsn32 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mipsn32 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsn32
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-mipsn32el-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-mipsn32el-static -h
usage: qemu-mipsn32el [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for mipsn32el emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsn32el
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-nios2-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-nios2-static -h
usage: qemu-nios2 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for nios2 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/nios2
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-or1k-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-or1k-static -h
usage: qemu-or1k [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for or1k emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/or1k
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-ppc-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-ppc-static -h
usage: qemu-ppc [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for ppc emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/ppc
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-ppc64-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-ppc64-static -h
usage: qemu-ppc64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for ppc64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/ppc64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-ppc64le-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-ppc64le-static -h
usage: qemu-ppc64le [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for ppc64le emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/ppc64le
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-riscv32-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-riscv32-static -h
usage: qemu-riscv32 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for riscv32 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/riscv32
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-riscv64-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-riscv64-static -h
usage: qemu-riscv64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for riscv64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/riscv64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-s390x-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-s390x-static -h
usage: qemu-s390x [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for s390x emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/s390x
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-sh4-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-sh4-static -h
usage: qemu-sh4 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for sh4 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/sh4
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-sh4eb-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-sh4eb-static -h
usage: qemu-sh4eb [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for sh4eb emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/sh4eb
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-sparc-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-sparc-static -h
usage: qemu-sparc [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for sparc emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/sparc
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-sparc32plus-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-sparc32plus-static -h
usage: qemu-sparc32plus [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for sparc32plus emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/sparc32plus
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-sparc64-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-sparc64-static -h
usage: qemu-sparc64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for sparc64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/sparc64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-x86_64-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-x86_64-static -h
usage: qemu-x86_64 [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for x86_64 emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable      Description
-h                                     print this help
-help                                  
-g port              QEMU_GDB          wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX    set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE   set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU          select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV      sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV    unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0        forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME        set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE   set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA  reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG          enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER      filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE     set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP   run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE       log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED    Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE        [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION      display version information and exit

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/x86_64
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-xtensa-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-xtensa-static -h
usage: qemu-xtensa [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for xtensa emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable          Description
-h                                         print this help
-help                                      
-g port              QEMU_GDB              wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX        set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE       set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU              select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV          sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV        unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0            forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME            set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE       set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA      reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG              enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER          filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME     write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE         set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP       run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE           log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED        Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE            [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION          display version information and exit
-xtensa-abi-call0    QEMU_XTENSA_ABI_CALL0 assume CALL0 Xtensa ABI

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/xtensa
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-xtensaeb-static

QEMU User Emulator (static version)

:~# qemu-xtensaeb-static -h
usage: qemu-xtensaeb [options] program [arguments...]
Linux CPU emulator (compiled for xtensaeb emulation)

Options and associated environment variables:

Argument             Env-variable          Description
-h                                         print this help
-help                                      
-g port              QEMU_GDB              wait gdb connection to 'port'
-L path              QEMU_LD_PREFIX        set the elf interpreter prefix to 'path'
-s size              QEMU_STACK_SIZE       set the stack size to 'size' bytes
-cpu model           QEMU_CPU              select CPU (-cpu help for list)
-E var=value         QEMU_SET_ENV          sets targets environment variable (see below)
-U var               QEMU_UNSET_ENV        unsets targets environment variable (see below)
-0 argv0             QEMU_ARGV0            forces target process argv[0] to be 'argv0'
-r uname             QEMU_UNAME            set qemu uname release string to 'uname'
-B address           QEMU_GUEST_BASE       set guest_base address to 'address'
-R size              QEMU_RESERVED_VA      reserve 'size' bytes for guest virtual address space
-d item[,...]        QEMU_LOG              enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of items)
-dfilter range[,...] QEMU_DFILTER          filter logging based on address range
-D logfile           QEMU_LOG_FILENAME     write logs to 'logfile' (default stderr)
-p pagesize          QEMU_PAGESIZE         set the host page size to 'pagesize'
-singlestep          QEMU_SINGLESTEP       run in singlestep mode
-strace              QEMU_STRACE           log system calls
-seed                QEMU_RAND_SEED        Seed for pseudo-random number generator
-trace               QEMU_TRACE            [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
-version             QEMU_VERSION          display version information and exit
-xtensa-abi-call0    QEMU_XTENSA_ABI_CALL0 assume CALL0 Xtensa ABI

Defaults:
QEMU_LD_PREFIX  = /etc/qemu-binfmt/xtensaeb
QEMU_STACK_SIZE = 8388608 byte

You can use -E and -U options or the QEMU_SET_ENV and
QEMU_UNSET_ENV environment variables to set and unset
environment variables for the target process.
It is possible to provide several variables by separating them
by commas in getsubopt(3) style. Additionally it is possible to
provide the -E and -U options multiple times.
The following lines are equivalent:
    -E var1=val2 -E var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD -U LD_DEBUG
    -E var1=val2,var2=val2 -U LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
    QEMU_SET_ENV=var1=val2,var2=val2 QEMU_UNSET_ENV=LD_PRELOAD,LD_DEBUG
Note that if you provide several changes to a single variable
the last change will stay in effect.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-utils

QEMU is a fast processor emulator: currently the package supports ARM, CRIS, i386, M68k (ColdFire), MicroBlaze, MIPS, PowerPC, SH4, SPARC and x86-64 emulation. By using dynamic translation it achieves reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPUs.

This package provides QEMU related utilities:

• qemu-img: QEMU disk image utility

• qemu-io: QEMU disk exerciser

• qemu-nbd: QEMU disk network block device server

Installed size: 6.71 MB How to install: sudo apt install qemu-utils

Dependencies:

• libaio1

• libc6

• libfuse3-3

• libglib2.0-0

• libgmp10

• libgnutls30

• libhogweed6

• libnettle8

• libnuma1

• libselinux1

• liburing2

• libzstd1

• zlib1g

qemu-img

QEMU disk image utility

:~# qemu-img -h
qemu-img version 7.2.0 (Debian 1:7.2+dfsg-4)
Copyright (c) 2003-2022 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-img [standard options] command [command options]
QEMU disk image utility

    '-h', '--help'       display this help and exit
    '-V', '--version'    output version information and exit
    '-T', '--trace'      [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                         specify tracing options

Command syntax:
  amend [--object objectdef] [--image-opts] [-p] [-q] [-f fmt] [-t cache] [--force] -o options filename
  bench [-c count] [-d depth] [-f fmt] [--flush-interval=flush_interval] [-i aio] [-n] [--no-drain] [-o offset] [--pattern=pattern] [-q] [-s buffer_size] [-S step_size] [-t cache] [-w] [-U] filename
  bitmap (--merge SOURCE | --add | --remove | --clear | --enable | --disable)... [-b source_file [-F source_fmt]] [-g granularity] [--object objectdef] [--image-opts | -f fmt] filename bitmap
  check [--object objectdef] [--image-opts] [-q] [-f fmt] [--output=ofmt] [-r [leaks | all]] [-T src_cache] [-U] filename
  commit [--object objectdef] [--image-opts] [-q] [-f fmt] [-t cache] [-b base] [-r rate_limit] [-d] [-p] filename
  compare [--object objectdef] [--image-opts] [-f fmt] [-F fmt] [-T src_cache] [-p] [-q] [-s] [-U] filename1 filename2
  convert [--object objectdef] [--image-opts] [--target-image-opts] [--target-is-zero] [--bitmaps] [-U] [-C] [-c] [-p] [-q] [-n] [-f fmt] [-t cache] [-T src_cache] [-O output_fmt] [-B backing_file [-F backing_fmt]] [-o options] [-l snapshot_param] [-S sparse_size] [-r rate_limit] [-m num_coroutines] [-W] [--salvage] filename [filename2 [...]] output_filename
  create [--object objectdef] [-q] [-f fmt] [-b backing_file [-F backing_fmt]] [-u] [-o options] filename [size]
  dd [--image-opts] [-U] [-f fmt] [-O output_fmt] [bs=block_size] [count=blocks] [skip=blocks] if=input of=output
  info [--object objectdef] [--image-opts] [-f fmt] [--output=ofmt] [--backing-chain] [-U] filename
  map [--object objectdef] [--image-opts] [-f fmt] [--start-offset=offset] [--max-length=len] [--output=ofmt] [-U] filename
  measure [--output=ofmt] [-O output_fmt] [-o options] [--size N | [--object objectdef] [--image-opts] [-f fmt] [-l snapshot_param] filename]
  snapshot [--object objectdef] [--image-opts] [-U] [-q] [-l | -a snapshot | -c snapshot | -d snapshot] filename
  rebase [--object objectdef] [--image-opts] [-U] [-q] [-f fmt] [-t cache] [-T src_cache] [-p] [-u] -b backing_file [-F backing_fmt] filename
  resize [--object objectdef] [--image-opts] [-f fmt] [--preallocation=prealloc] [-q] [--shrink] filename [+ | -]size

Command parameters:
  'filename' is a disk image filename
  'objectdef' is a QEMU user creatable object definition. See the qemu(1)
    manual page for a description of the object properties. The most common
    object type is a 'secret', which is used to supply passwords and/or
    encryption keys.
  'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases
  'cache' is the cache mode used to write the output disk image, the valid
    options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default, except for convert), 'writethrough',
    'directsync' and 'unsafe' (default for convert)
  'src_cache' is the cache mode used to read input disk images, the valid
    options are the same as for the 'cache' option
  'size' is the disk image size in bytes. Optional suffixes
    'k' or 'K' (kilobyte, 1024), 'M' (megabyte, 1024k), 'G' (gigabyte, 1024M),
    'T' (terabyte, 1024G), 'P' (petabyte, 1024T) and 'E' (exabyte, 1024P)  are
    supported. 'b' is ignored.
  'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename
  'output_fmt' is the destination format
  'options' is a comma separated list of format specific options in a
    name=value format. Use -o help for an overview of the options supported by
    the used format
  'snapshot_param' is param used for internal snapshot, format
    is 'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or
    '[ID_OR_NAME]'
  '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)
  '-u' allows unsafe backing chains. For rebasing, it is assumed that old and
       new backing file match exactly. The image doesn't need a working
       backing file before rebasing in this case (useful for renaming the
       backing file). For image creation, allow creating without attempting
       to open the backing file.
  '-h' with or without a command shows this help and lists the supported formats
  '-p' show progress of command (only certain commands)
  '-q' use Quiet mode - do not print any output (except errors)
  '-S' indicates the consecutive number of bytes (defaults to 4k) that must
       contain only zeros for qemu-img to create a sparse image during
       conversion. If the number of bytes is 0, the source will not be scanned for
       unallocated or zero sectors, and the destination image will always be
       fully allocated
  '--output' takes the format in which the output must be done (human or json)
  '-n' skips the target volume creation (useful if the volume is created
       prior to running qemu-img)

Parameters to bitmap subcommand:
  'bitmap' is the name of the bitmap to manipulate, through one or more
       actions from '--add', '--remove', '--clear', '--enable', '--disable',
       or '--merge source'
  '-g granularity' sets the granularity for '--add' actions
  '-b source' and '-F src_fmt' tell '--merge' actions to find the source
       bitmaps from an alternative file

Parameters to check subcommand:
  '-r' tries to repair any inconsistencies that are found during the check.
       '-r leaks' repairs only cluster leaks, whereas '-r all' fixes all
       kinds of errors, with a higher risk of choosing the wrong fix or
       hiding corruption that has already occurred.

Parameters to convert subcommand:
  '--bitmaps' copies all top-level persistent bitmaps to destination
  '-m' specifies how many coroutines work in parallel during the convert
       process (defaults to 8)
  '-W' allow to write to the target out of order rather than sequential

Parameters to snapshot subcommand:
  'snapshot' is the name of the snapshot to create, apply or delete
  '-a' applies a snapshot (revert disk to saved state)
  '-c' creates a snapshot
  '-d' deletes a snapshot
  '-l' lists all snapshots in the given image

Parameters to compare subcommand:
  '-f' first image format
  '-F' second image format
  '-s' run in Strict mode - fail on different image size or sector allocation

Parameters to dd subcommand:
  'bs=BYTES' read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
  'count=N' copy only N input blocks
  'if=FILE' read from FILE
  'of=FILE' write to FILE
  'skip=N' skip N bs-sized blocks at the start of input

Supported formats: blkdebug blklogwrites blkverify bochs cloop compress copy-before-write copy-on-read dmg file ftp ftps gluster host_cdrom host_device http https iscsi iser luks nbd nfs null-aio null-co nvme parallels preallocate qcow qcow2 qed quorum raw rbd replication snapshot-access ssh throttle vdi vhdx vmdk vpc vvfat

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

---

qemu-io

QEMU Disk exerciser

:~# qemu-io -h
Usage: qemu-io [OPTIONS]... [-c STRING]... [file]
QEMU Disk exerciser

  --object OBJECTDEF   define an object such as 'secret' for
                       passwords and/or encryption keys
  --image-opts         treat file as option string
  -c, --cmd STRING     execute command with its arguments
                       from the given string
  -f, --format FMT     specifies the block driver to use
  -r, --read-only      export read-only
  -s, --snapshot       use snapshot file
  -n, --nocache        disable host cache, short for -t none
  -C, --copy-on-read   enable copy-on-read
  -m, --misalign       misalign allocations for O_DIRECT
  -k, --native-aio     use kernel AIO implementation
                       (Linux only, prefer use of -i)
  -i, --aio=MODE       use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)
  -t, --cache=MODE     use the given cache mode for the image
  -d, --discard=MODE   use the given discard mode for the image
  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                       specify tracing options
                       see qemu-img(1) man page for full description
  -U, --force-share    force shared permissions
  -h, --help           display this help and exit
  -V, --version        output version information and exit

See 'qemu-io -c help' for information on available commands.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

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qemu-make-debian-root

Create a debian root image for qemu

:~# man qemu-make-debian-root
qemu-make-debian-root(8)            Debian            qemu-make-debian-root(8)

NAME
       qemu-make-debian-root - Create a debian root image for qemu

SYNOPSIS
       qemu-make-debian-root   [-k]  [-s]  size-in-MiB  distrib  deburl  image
       [files-to-copy-in-/root]

DESCRIPTION
       qemu-make-debian-root is a command to ease the  creation  of  a  debian
       root  image  for  qemu.  The generated image is not bootable by itself,
       and an external kernel is needed. It can be run with a command like:

              qemu disk.img -kernel /boot/vmlinuz

OPTIONS
       -k     Keep file system.

       -s     Create a sparse image.

SEE ALSO
       qemu(1), qemu-img(1).

AUTHOR
       This manual page was written by Guillem Jover <>.

0.0                               2006-05-28          qemu-make-debian-root(8)

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qemu-nbd

QEMU Disk Network Block Device Server

:~# qemu-nbd -h
Usage: qemu-nbd [OPTIONS] FILE
  or:  qemu-nbd -L [OPTIONS]
QEMU Disk Network Block Device Utility

  -h, --help                display this help and exit
  -V, --version             output version information and exit

Connection properties:
  -p, --port=PORT           port to listen on (default `10809')
  -b, --bind=IFACE          interface to bind to (default `0.0.0.0')
  -k, --socket=PATH         path to the unix socket
                            (default '/var/lock/qemu-nbd-DEVICE')
  -e, --shared=NUM          device can be shared by NUM clients (default '1')
  -t, --persistent          don't exit on the last connection
  -v, --verbose             display extra debugging information
  -x, --export-name=NAME    expose export by name (default is empty string)
  -D, --description=TEXT    export a human-readable description

Exposing part of the image:
  -o, --offset=OFFSET       offset into the image
  -A, --allocation-depth    expose the allocation depth
  -B, --bitmap=NAME         expose a persistent dirty bitmap

General purpose options:
  -L, --list                list exports available from another NBD server
  --object type,id=ID,...   define an object such as 'secret' for providing
                            passwords and/or encryption keys
  --tls-creds=ID            use id of an earlier --object to provide TLS
  --tls-authz=ID            use id of an earlier --object to provide
                            authorization
  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                            specify tracing options
  --fork                    fork off the server process and exit the parent
                            once the server is running
  --pid-file=PATH           store the server's process ID in the given file
  --selinux-label=LABEL     set SELinux process label on listening socket

Kernel NBD client support:
  -c, --connect=DEV         connect FILE to the local NBD device DEV
  -d, --disconnect          disconnect the specified device

Block device options:
  -f, --format=FORMAT       set image format (raw, qcow2, ...)
  -r, --read-only           export read-only
  -s, --snapshot            use FILE as an external snapshot, create a temporary
                            file with backing_file=FILE, redirect the write to
                            the temporary one
  -l, --load-snapshot=SNAPSHOT_PARAM
                            load an internal snapshot inside FILE and export it
                            as an read-only device, SNAPSHOT_PARAM format is
                            'snapshot.id=[ID],snapshot.name=[NAME]', or
                            '[ID_OR_NAME]'
  -n, --nocache             disable host cache
      --cache=MODE          set cache mode used to access the disk image, the
                            valid options are: 'none', 'writeback' (default),
                            'writethrough', 'directsync' and 'unsafe'
      --aio=MODE            set AIO mode (native, io_uring or threads)
      --discard=MODE        set discard mode (ignore, unmap)
      --detect-zeroes=MODE  set detect-zeroes mode (off, on, unmap)
      --image-opts          treat FILE as a full set of image options

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

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Updated on: 2023-Mar-08

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